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• Polaroid 440 Automatic Land Camera
• Polaroid Land Camera 102 Automatic
• Polaroid 440 Land Camera Film

Polaroid 440 Automatic Land Camera

The Land Camera is a model of self-developing film camera manufactured by Polaroid between 1948 and 1983. It is named after their inventor, Edwin Land, who developed a process for self-developing photography between 1943 and 1947.^[1] After Edwin Land's retirement from Polaroid, the name 'Land' was dropped from the camera name.^[2] The first commercially available model was the Model 95,^[3] which produced sepia-colored prints in about 1 minute.^[4] It was first sold to the public on November 26, 1948.^[5]

Polaroid Manual 220 Automatic Land Camera. This manual is used but is in good condition, does not have any scratches or bends. The manual has 46 pages in total. 187923 Instruction Manual for Polaroid Land Camera Model 335 Genuine Original. $9.99 +$7.39 shipping. Below is an archive of selected Polaroid and Impossible Project camera manuals. You should be able to find the information you are seeking by reading the camera manual most relevant to the camera. Amazon's Choice for polaroid land camera film. Polaroid Originals Color Film for 600 (4670) 3.6 out of 5 stars 1,029. Get it as soon as Tue, Oct 15. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. FUJIFILM FP-100C 3.25 X 4.25 Inches Professional Instant Color Film. Polaroid Automatic 220 Land Camera, User Manual Polaroid on Amazon.com.FREE. shipping on qualifying offers. Gently used manual from 1968, How to's for the Polaroid Automatic 220 Land Camera. Polaroid Automatic 210 Manuals & User Guides. User Manuals, Guides and Specifications for your Polaroid Automatic 210 Digital Camera. Database contains 1 Polaroid Automatic 210 Manuals (available for free online viewing or downloading in PDF): Manual.

• 2Cameras

Film[edit]

The photography developing process, invented by Polaroid founder Edwin Land, employs diffusion transfer to move the dyes from the negative to the positive via a reagent. A negative sheet was exposed inside the camera, then lined up with a positive sheet and squeezed through a set of rollers which spread a reagent between the two layers, creating a developing film 'sandwich'. The negative developed quickly, after which some of the unexposed silver halide grains (and the latent image it contained) were solubilized by the reagent and transferred by diffusion from the negative to the positive. After a minute, the back of the camera was opened and the negative peeled away to reveal the print.

In 1963, Land introduced Polacolor pack film, which made instant color photographs possible. This process involved pulling two tabs from the camera, the second which pulled the film sandwich through the rollers to develop out of the camera. The instant color process is much more complex, involving a negative which contains three layers of emulsion sensitive to blue, green, and red. Underneath each layer are dye developing molecules in their complementary colors of yellow, magenta, and cyan. When light strikes an emulsion layer, it blocks the complementary dye below it. For instance, when blue strikes the blue sensitive emulsion layer, it blocks the yellow dye, but allows the magenta and cyan dyes to transfer to the positive, which combine to create blue. When green and red (yellow) strikes their respective layers, it blocks the complementary dyes of magenta and cyan below them, allowing only yellow dye to transfer to the positive.

In 1972, integral film was introduced which did not require the user to time the development or peel apart the negative from the positive. This process was similar to Polacolor film with added timing and receiving layers. The film itself integrates all the layers to expose, develop, and fix the photo into a plastic envelope commonly associated with a Polaroid photo. The Polaroid SX-70 was the first camera to use this film.

Improvements in SX-70 film led to the higher speed 600 series film, then to different formats such as 500 series (captiva), and spectra.

Cameras[edit]

Roll film[edit]

The original cameras folded into the body and used bellows to protect the light path. The film was put on two spools, one with the negative roll, and one with the positive paper and reagent pods. The film developed inside the camera. The exception to this is the Polaroid Swinger, a hard bodied roll film camera whose film was pulled out of the camera body to develop outside the camera. The film for rollfilm cameras was discontinued in 1992.

100 Series Pack cameras[edit]

These cameras were developed after the rollfilm models and were designed to use the newly developed 100 series pack film. As with the Swinger the film sandwich was pulled out of the camera to develop outside of the camera, but instead of two separate rolls the film was built into a compact easy loading film pack which contained 8 exposures. Hard body plastic models were marketed later a low cost alternative to the more expensive models with bellows.

There are four generations of folding colorpack cameras: the 100, the 200, the 300, and 400 series. Polaroid announced in 2008 the discontinuation of all of its film by 2009, and Fujifilm stopped producing pack film in 2016. Polaroid Originals manufactures and sells Polaroid integrative type film for 600/SX-70/Spectra Image cameras.

Meanwhile, Bob Crowley, New55, the investor David Bohnett and Florian Kaps, known as the founder of Impossible Project (now Polaroid Originals), managed to produce packfilm for the folding colourpack cameras under the label New55. New55 FILM ended operations on December 31, 2017.^[6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Bonanos, Christopher. Instant : the story of Polaroid. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 32–37. ISBN978-1-61689-085-8.
2. ^A Polaroid history timeline
3. ^Polaroid cameras and photography
4. ^Talktalk article on 'Polaroid Camera'
5. ^Bonanos. Instant : the story of Polaroid. p. 42.
6. ^http://www.new55.net/#

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Many of the 100-200's have the same last pages
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SX-70 is also available

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Polaroid One-Step SX-70

Polaroid One Step Sonar
many languages

Polaroid Model 20 - Swinger
Adobe X+

Polaroid Big Swinger 3000

Most 100 - 200 models had the same last pages. Please check out the Model 250 part 2

Polaroid Land Camera 102 Automatic

Polaroid 440 Land Camera Film

A lot of the Polaroid models had the same ending pages.
Please check Model 250 section 2

Polaroid GelCam
GelCam Languages